Bernard Enjolras

Research Professor, Institute for Social Research Oslo 

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    BIOGRAPHY

    My research is centered on civil society in a broad sense. This includes topics such as volunteering, voluntary organizations, governance, social capital and trust, as well as civic engagement as well as the digitization of the public sphere, social media and freedom of expression.

     

    I am a Research Professor at The Institute for Social research in Oslo and the Director of the Center for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector. I have been coordinator of the EU-FP7 project Third Sector Impact, the Editor-in-Chief of Voluntas, International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations (ISTR, Springer), Deputy Director at the Institute for Social Research (2014-2016), Research Director for the group Politics, Democracy, Civil Society at the Institute for Social research (2006-2014), and has been leading the Freedom of Speech Foundation project “Status of the freedom of speech in Norway” (2012-2014).

     

    Among other publications I have authored or edited Gouvernance et intérêt général dans les services sociaux et de santé , (Governance and general interest in social and health services), Bruxelles : Editions Peter Lang, (2008), Idrettsdemokrati , (Sport democracy in Norway), Oslo : Akilles, (2009), Civil Society in Comparative Perspective”, B. Enjolras & K. H. Sivesind (Eds.) Comparative Social Research, Volume 26. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2009), Frivillige organisasjoner og offentlig politikk, (Voluntary organization and public policies), B. Enjolras & R.H. Waldhal (Eds.). Oslo: Novus Forlag, (2009), Norsk Idrett. Organisering, felleskap og politikk. Andre utgave, (Norwegain sport. Organization, Community and Politics. Second Edition », B. Enjolras, Ø. Seippel, R. Holmen Waldahl. Oslo : Akilles, (2012), Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society. Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.). Baden-Baden: Nomos, (2012), Liker-Liker ikke: Samfunnsengasjement i en Facebook-tid (Like- don’t like: civic engagement in Facebook time). (Bernard Enjolras, Rune Karlsen, Kari Steen-Johnsen & Dag Wollebæk). Oslo: Cappelen Damm, (2013), Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations: The Case of Norway (Bernard Enjolras & Kristin Strømsnes, eds., 2018), New York: Springer. The Third Sector: A Renewable Resource for Europe. Concepts, Impacts, Challenges and Opportunities. (Bernard Enjolras, Lester M. Salamon, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Annette Zimmer, Benedikt Pahl, Wojciech Sokolowski, 2018), Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan, Fra kollektiv til konnektiv handling? Nye former for samfunnsengasjement og kollektiv handling. [From collective to connective action. New forms of civic engagement and collective action] Bernard Enjolras & Ivar Eimhjellen (red.), 2018), Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.

     

    I have received in 2010 the ”Academy of Management Public and Nonprofit (PNP) Division Best Article Award” for his article 'A Governance-Structure Approach to Voluntary Organizations' published in 2009 in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.

     

    I received a Master in Political Sciences from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques (Sciences-Po), Paris, France and a Master in Economics from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France, a PhD in Economics from Université de Paris I. Panthéon Sorbonne, Paris, France and a PhD in sociology from Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada. I have also been a Senior Fellow in Policy Studies at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, and guest professor at Montpellier University, Aix-Marseille University, University Paris Pantheon-Sorbonne. I serve as Board Member of Peace Research Institute Oslo-PRIO.

  • Research PROJECTS 

     

  • PUBLICATIONS

    BOOKS

    1. « Le marché providence » [The Welfare Market]. Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1995.

     

    2. "Protection sociale et performance économique" [Social protection and economic performance9. Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1999.

     

    3. « L’économie solidaire face au marché. Modernité, société civile et démocratie. » [The solidary economy and the market. Modernity, civil society and democracy]. Paris, L’Harmattan, 2001.

     

    4. « Plural economy and socio-economic regulation », B. Enjolras and M.L. von Bergmann-Winberg (Eds). Liège : CIRIEC. 2002.

     

    5. « Norsk Idrett. Organisering, felleskap og politikk », [Norwegain sport. Organization, community and politics]. B. Enjolras, Ø. Seippel, R. Holmen Waldahl. Oslo : Akilles, 2005.

     

    6. « Conventions et institutions. Essais de théorie sociale. » [Conventions and institutions, essay in social theory]. Paris, L’Harmattan, 2006.

     

    7. « Gouvernance et intérêt général dans les services sociaux et de santé », [Governance and general interest in social and health services]. Bruxelles : Editions Peter Lang, 2008.

     

    8. « Idrettsdemokrati », [Sport democracy in Norway], Oslo : Akilles, 2009.

     

    9. “Civil Society in Comparative Perspective”, B. Enjolras & K. H. Sivesind (Eds.) Comparative Social Research, Volume 26. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2009).

     

    10. “Frivillige organisasjoner og offentlig politikk”, [Voluntary organization and public policies], B. Enjolras & R.H. Waldhal (Eds.). Oslo: Novus Forlag, 2009.

     

    11. « Norsk Idrett. Organisering, felleskap og politikk. Andre utgave», [Norwegain sport. Organization, Community and Politics. Second Edition], B. Enjolras, Ø. Seippel, R. Holmen Waldahl. Oslo : Akilles, 2012.

     

    12. “Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society”. Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.). Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012.

     

    13. Liker-Liker ikke: Samfunnsengasjement i en Facebook-tid (Like- don’t like: civic engagement in Facebook time). (Bernard Enjolras, Rune Karlsen, Kari Steen-Johnsen & Dag Wollebæk). Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 2013.

     

    14. Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations: The Case of Norway (Bernard Enjolras & Kristin Strømsnes, eds., 2018), New York: Springer.

     

    15. The Third Sector: A Renewable Resource for Europe. Concepts, Impacts, Challenges and Opportunities. (Bernard Enjolras, Lester M. Salamon, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Annette Zimmer, Benedikt Pahl, Wojciech Sokolowski, 2018), Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan.

     

    16. Fra kollektiv til konnektiv handling? Nye former for samfunnsengasjement og kollektiv handling. [From collective to connective action. New forms of civic engagement and collective action] Bernard Enjolras & Ivar Eimhjellen (red.), 2018, Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.

    ARTICLES IN REFEREE JOURNALS AND ANTHOLOGIES

    1. « L’accueil des jeunes enfants » (Kindergarden policy in France) with F.Fenet, Information Sociale, Revue de la CNAF, N°23, 1992

     

    2. « Services de proximité dans l’action sociale : l’apport de la théorie du choix institutionnel » (Community services in social action : the contribution of the institutionnal choice theory) Revue des Etudes coopératives, mutualistes et associatives, N° 44-45, 1992

     

    3. « Services de proximité et économie solidaire » (Community services and solidaristic economy), Travail, N° 29, 1993

     

    4. « Vers une théorie socio-économique de l’association : l’apport de la théorie des conventions » (Toward a socio-economic theory of nonprofit organizations : the contribution of the theory of conventions), Revue des études coopératives mutualistes et associatives, N° 48, 1993.

     

    5. « La estructuracion de la oferta de servicios de proximidad », Revista de Economia Publica, Social y Cooperativa, 16 : 6 (1994), 49-98.

     

    6. « La marchandisation des services sociaux aux Etats Unis : le cas de l’aide à domicile » (The marketization of domiciliary care for the elderly in the U.S), Revue des Etudes Coopératives Mutualistes et Associatives, n° 56, 1995.

     

    7. « La comercializacion de los servicios sociales : el caso de la ayuda a domicilio en los Estados Unidos », Revista de Economia Publica, Social y Cooperativa, 21 :12 (1995), 111-124.

     

    8. « Comment expliquer la présence d’organisations à but non lucratif dans une économie de marché ? L’apport de la théorie économique » (How to explain the presence of non profit organizations in a market economy ? The economic contribution) Revue Française d’Economie, N° 4, Vol. 10, 1995.

     

    9. « How to explain the presence of non profit organizations in a market economy », Annals of public and cooperative economy, N° 4/95

     

    10. « Associations et isomorphisme institutionnel » (Non profit organization and institutional isomorphism), Revue des Etudes Coopératives Mutualistes et Associatives, N° 59, 1996

     

    11. “Crise de l’Etat providence, crise du lien social et Economie solidaire : vers une socio-économie critique”, in B. Eme, L. Favreau, J.L. Laville, Y. Vaillancourt (sous la dir de), “Société civile, Etat et Economie plurielle”, Montreal, CRISES, Paris, CRIDA-LSCI, Juillet 1996

     

    12. « Fondements de la contrepartie et régimes de l’Etat Providence », (Workfare and welfare states regimes), Revue Française des Affaires Sociales, n 3, Juillet-Sept 1996

     

    13. « La marchandisation des services sociaux » (The markatization of welfare) Revue Française des Affaires Sociales, n 4, Oct-Dec 1996

     

    14. ”Associations, concurrence et fiscalité : les fondements économiques de l’utilité sociale”, Revue des Etudes Coopératives, Mutualistes et Associatives, n 263, 1997

     

    15. “Les gisements d’emploi dans le secteur sanitaire et social”, in J:Nikonoff (Ed) “Existe t’il des gisements d’emploi ?”, Le Seuil, 1997

     

    16. « La solidarité face à la mondialisation : enjeux pour l’Etat providence » (Social solidarity faced with globalization : what’s at stake for the Welfare State ), Revue des Etudes Coopérative, Mutualiste et Associative (RECMA), n 266, 4ième trimestre 1997

     

    17. « Economie sociale et transformations de l’Etat Providence : le cas des services aux personnes âgées » (The social economy and the transformation of the welfare state : the case of social services for the elderly) Revue des Etudes Coopératives Mutualistes et Associatives (RECMA), n 269, 3ième trimestre 1998

     

    18. "Crise de l'Etat providence, lien social et associations" (Crisis of the welfare state, social solidarity and associations), Revue MAUSS, N 11, 1er semestre 1998

     

    19. « Associations et Etat providence en Norvège » (Voluntary organizations and welfare state in Norway), Revue Fondations, n 9, 1 semestre 1999, 35-49

     

    20. « Jobbsikkerhet og økonomisk suksess », (Job security and economic performance), Søkelys på arbeidsmarket, 2 : 99.

     

    21. « Mécanismes économiques et spécificités associatives » (Economic mechanisms and voluntary organizations specificities) in Bloch-Lainé, F. (Ed) Faire société (Making society), Paris, Syros, 1999.

     

    22. « Activation of social protection in France and Norway » (with I. Lødemel), in MIRE (Ed) Comparing social welfare systems in Nordic Europe and France, Paris, MIRE, 1999.

     

    23. « The impact of labour market regulation on economic performance : a review » in Clarke, L., de Gijsel, P and Janseen, J. (Eds), The dynamics of wage relations in the new Europe, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

     

    24. « Les enjeux sociaux de la nouvelle economie » (The social challenges of the new economy), La Revue de la CFDT, Mai 2000.

     

    25. « Coordination failure, property rights and nonprofit organizations », Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 71 : 3/2000.

     

    26. « Between subsidiarity and social assistance – the French republican route to activation » with J.L Laville, L. Fraisse and H. Trickey, in I. Lødemel & H. Trickey (Eds) An offer you can’t refuse, Workfare in international perspective, Bristol, The Policy Press, 2001, pp 41-70.

     

    27. « Kommersialisering av norske frivillige idrettslag », Sosiologi i Dag, 31 :1. (2001) 73-90.

     

    28. « Kommersialisering av frivillige organisasjoner » i Henriksen, L.S. , Ibsen, B. (Red) Frivillighedens utfordringer, Odense, Odense Universitetsforlag, 2001.

     

    29. « Organizaciones voluntarias y democracia. Bases teóricas », Revista de Economia Publica, Social y Cooperativa, 37 : 4 (2001) 141-175.

     

    30. « France : des services sociaux locaux, associatifs et publics confrontés à des règles nationales changeantes » With J.L. Laville in Laville, J.L. et Nyssens, M. (Eds), 2001, Les services sociaux entre associations, Etat et marché, Paris, La Decouverte, Mauss, Crida.

     

    31. « Norvège : aide formelle et soutien à l’aide informelle » in Laville, J.L. et Nyssens, M. (Eds), 2001, Les services sociaux entre associations, Etat et marché, Paris, La Decouverte, Mauss, Crida.

     

    32. « Francia : Los servicios locales, associativos y publicos enfrentados a reglas nacionales cambiantes » With Jean Louis Laville, in Laville, JL., Nyssens, M., Sajardo Moreno, A. (Eds), 2002, Economia social y servicios sociales, Valencia, CIRIEC- España.

     

    33. « Noruega : Ayuda formal y apoyo a la ayuda informal », in Laville, JL., Nyssens, M., Sajardo Moreno, A. (Eds), 2002, Economia social y servicios sociales, Valencia, CIRIEC- España.

     

    34. « Senmodernitet, identitetsdannelse og idrettens kommersialisering » i Ø. Seippel (Red), 2002, Idrettens bevegelser, Oslo, Pax Forlag.

     

    35. « The commercialization of voluntary sport organizations in Norway » Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol.31, n 3, September 2002. 352-376.

     

    36. « Does the commercialization of voluntary organizations crowd out voluntary work ? » Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 73 : 3, 2002. 375-398.

     

    37. "Introduction" in « Plural economy and socio-economic regulation », B. Enjolras and M.L. von Bergmann-Winberg (Eds). Liège : CIRIEC. 2002.

     

    38. "Beyond Economics, social change and general interest" in « Plural economy and socio-economic regulation », B. Enjolras and M.L. von Bergmann-Winberg (Eds). Liège : CIRIEC. 2002.

     

    39. « Formes institutionnelles, rationalité axiologique et conventions », Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 75 :4, 2004. 595-617.

     

    40. « Les associations contre-pouvoir au marché » in Delamotte, E. (Ed), 2004, Du partage au marché. Paris : Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.

     

    41. « Economie sociale et solidaire et régimes de gouvernance », Revue Internationale de l’Economie Sociale, n 296, Mai 2005. 56-69.

     

    42. « Norvège : une gouvernance fragmentée, du néo-corporatisme à la pluralité des réseaux. », Télescope- Revue d’Analyse Comparée en Administration Publique. Vol. 13. n 2. 2007. 1-8.

     

    43. « Idrettens næringsmessige betydning : Både frivillighet og kommersialisme? » In Hompland, A. (Ed.), 2007, Idrettens Dilemmaer. Oslo : Akilles.

     

    44. “Policy-Making in sport: The Norwegian case” (with R. Waldhal) International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 42:2. 2007. 201-216.

     

    45. “Régimes de gouvernance et intérêt general” (Governance regimes and general interest), in: B. Enjolras (Ed.) « Gouvernance et intérêt général dans les services sociaux et de santé » (Governance and general iintersts in social and health services). Bruxelles : Editions Peter Lang, 2008.

     

    46. “Two hypotheses about the emergence of a post-national European model of citizenship”, Citizenship Studies, Volume 12, Issue 5 October 2008 , pages 495 – 505.

     

    47. “A governance-structure approach to voluntary organizations”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2009, 38 :5, 761-783.

     

    48. “Between Market and Civic Governance Regimes: Civicness in the Governance of Social Services in Europe”, Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 20:3, 2009, pages 274-290.

     

    49. “Approche théorique de la gouvernance des organisastions non-lucratives” (Theoretical approach to nonprofits governance), RECMA, Revue Internationale de l’Economie Sociale, No 314, Oct. 2009, 63-83.

     

    50. “Opportunity Structure for Citizens’ Participation in A European Network Civil Society. A Theoretical Perspective”, in B. Enjolras & K. H. Sivesind (Eds.), 2009, “Civil Society in Comparative Perspective”, Comparative Social Research, Volume 26. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 227-243.

     

    51. “Sivilsamfunn og offentlig politikk: mellom deliberative korporatisme og styringsdyktighet” (Civil society and public policy: between deliberative corporatism and steering) with R.H. Waldhal, in: B. Enjolras & R.H. Waldhal (Eds.), 2009, “Frivillige organisasjoner og offentlig politikk”, (Voluntary organization and public policies), Oslo: Novus Forlag, 7-32.

     

    52. “Between market and civic governance regimes: civicness in the governance of social services in Europe” in: Brandsen, T., Dekker, P. & Evers, A. (eds), 2010, Civicness in the governance and delivery of social services, Baden-Baden: Nomos, 249-272.

     

    53. « Democratic governance and oligarchy in voluntary sport organizations: the case of the Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sport ». European Sport Management Quarterly. Vol. 10, No. 2, 215-239, April 2010.

     

    54. « Gouvernance verticale, gouvernance horizontale et Economie sociale et solidaire : le cas des services à la personne ». Géographie, Economie et Société 12 :1, 2010; 15-30.

     

    55. “The public policy paradox. Normative foundations of social economy and public policies. Which consequences for evaluation strategies?” in Bouchard, M. (ed.), The Worth of the Social Economy in an International perspective, Bruxelles : Editions Peter Lang, 2010.

     

    56. « Fondements normatifs des organisations d’économie sociale et solidaire, et évaluation du point de vue des politiques publiques ». Economie et Solidarités, 1 :39, 14-34. Québec : Presse de l’Université du Québec, 2010.

     

    57. “Internetts effekt på sosial kapital og sivilt engasjement” (Effect of the Internet on socialcapitaland civic engagement). In Wollebæk, D. og Segaard, S.B.(eds.) Sosial Kapital i Norge. Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 2011. (with Steen-Johnsen, K.).

     

    58. “Norway – towards a volatile civil society?” In Wijkström, F. and Zimmer, A. (eds.) NordicCivil Society at a Cross-Roads. Transforming the Popular Movement Tradition. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011. (with Steen-Johnsen, K.).

     

    59. “La gouvernance en Norvège” (Governance in Norway). In Côté, L. (dir.) La gouvernance. Frontières, dispositifs et agents. Québec : Presses de l’Université du Québec, 2011.

     

    60. “After Utøya: How a High-Trust Society Reacts to Terror- Trust and Civic Engagement in the Aftermath of July 22 (Dag Wollebæk, Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Guro Ødegård). Political Science & Politics (2012), 45 : 32-37.

     

    61. «Tillit i Norge etter 22.juli.» Wollebæk, D., Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K. og Ødegård, G. (2012). I Grimen, H. og Skirbekk, H. (eds.) Tillit i Norden. En antologi om tillitens betydning.

     

    62. «Introduction: Governing ambiguities: dynamics, institutions, actors » (with Emanuela Bozzini) in Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.), Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012.

     

    63. “Deliberative neo-corporatism in Norway: Towards a new institutional framework in local governance” in Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.), Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012.

     

    64. “Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations – transcending participatory divides? (with Kari Steen-Johnsen & Dag Wollebæk). New Media & Society, 15:6, 890-208 (2013).

     

    65. “Rallying without fear: political consequences of terror in a high trust society”. (Wollebæk, D., Steen-Johnsen, K.,Enjolras, B., & Ødegård, G.) In S.J. Sinclair and D. Antonius (Eds.), The political Psychology of Terrorism Fears. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2013).

     

    66. « Sosiale medier, samfunnspolitiske deltagelse og kontroll » (Social media, civic participation and control) Kari Steen-Johnsen, Bernard Enjolras, Dag Wollebæk). Internasjonal Politikk (2013) 2/13, 263-273.

     

    67. «Tillit, frykt og kontroll ett år etter 22 juli» (Trust, fear and control one year after 22 July) Dag Wollebæk, Bernard Enjolras, Guro Ødegård. Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning. 54:2, 245-260 (2013).

     

    68. «Economie sociale et solidaire et politiques publiques en France: entre fragmentation et institutionnalisation. Quel régime territorial en Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur ? » (Solidary Economy an public policies in France : between fragmentation and institutionalization. Which territorial regime for the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region?) Nadine Richez-Battesti, Francesca Petrella, Bernard Enjolras. In Chaves R. & Demoustier, D. (eds), L’émergence de l’Economie Sociale dans les politiques publiques. Une analyse internationale. Bruxelles: P.I.E. Peter Lang (2013).

     

    69. «Big Data og samfunnsforskning: Nye muligheter og etiske utfordringer» (Big Data and social research: new possibilities and ethical challenges), Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning 55:1, 82-91 (2014).

     

    70. «The associative as governance structure» in Jacques Defourny, Lars Hulgård and Victor Pestoff (eds.), Social Enterprise and the Third Sector. Changing European Landscape in a Comparative Perspective. London: Routledge. 2014.

     

    71. Enjolras, B. & Steen-Johnsen, K. “Democratic governance and citizenship”. Anthology chapter in Civil Society in a Changing World: Governance and Democracy, Jean-Louis Laville, Philippe Eynaud & Dennis Young, (eds), Routledge, 2015.

     

    72. Steen-Johnsen, K. & Enjolras, B. “The dilemmas of Internet research – the tension between opportunities and realities”. In Internet Research Ethics, Olso: Cappelen Damm, 2015.

     

     

    73. Steen-Johnsen, K., & Enjolras, B., “Social Media and Civil Society Organizations (CSOS): Transformed Challenges for Governance”, anthology chapter in Hugo Asencio & Rui Sun (eds), Cases on strategic social media utilization in the nonprofit sector. IGI Global, 2015.

     

    74. Steen-Johnsen, K., Ihlebæk, K.A., Enjolras, B. “News on New Platforms: Norwegian Journalists and Entrepreneurs Face the Digital Age”. Anthology chapter in The Crisis of Journalism Reconsidered: From Technology to Culture, Jeffrey C. Alexander, Elisabeth Breese & María Luengo, (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

     

    75. Karlsen, R. & Enjolras, B., “Styles of Social Media Campaigning and Influence in the Political Twitter Sphere. Linking Survey Data on Candidates with Twitter Data.” The International Journal of Press/Politics, 2016, DOI: 10.1177/1940161216645335.

     

    76. Steen-Johnsen, K. & Enjolras, B. The fear of offending as a limitation. What impact do social norms have on freedom of expression? Society, 2016, DOI 10.1007/s12115-016-0044-2.

     

    77. Karlsen, R., Steen-Johnsen, K., Wollebæk, D. & Enjolras, B., Echo chamber and trench warfare dynamics in online debates. European Journal of Communication, 2017, 1-17, DOI: 10.1177/0267323117695734.

     

    78. Enjolras, B. & Steen-Johnsen, K., “The digital transformation of the political public sphere: a sociological perspective”, in Engelstad, F., Larsen, H., Steen-Johnsen, K., Rogstad, J., (eds.), The public sphere in change. An institutional perspective. Berlin: De Gruyter Open. 2017.

     

    79. Enjolras, B., “Boundary work in the public sphere”, in Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Kari Steen-Johnsen and Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud, (eds.), 2017, Boundary Struggles- Contestations of Free Speech in the Public Sphere. Oslo: Cappelen Damm. 2017.

     

    80. Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Minkkinen, J., Räsänen, P., Enjolras, B., & Steen-Johnsen, K. (2018) Perceived societal fear and cyberhate after the November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attacks. Terrorism & Political Violence, DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1442329.

     

    81. Introduction, In The Third Sector: A Renewable Resource for Europe. Concepts, Impacts, Challenges and Opportunities. (Bernard Enjolras, Lester M. Salamon, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Annette Zimmer, Benedikt Pahl, Wojciech Sokolowski, forthcoming), Houndmills: Palgrave Pivot.

     

    82: The Role and impacts of the Third Sector in Europe (with Karl Henrik Sivesind), Chapter 3. In: The Third Sector: A Renewable Resource for Europe. Concepts, Impacts, Challenges and Opportunities. (Bernard Enjolras, Lester M. Salamon, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Annette Zimmer, Benedikt Pahl, Wojciech Sokolowski, forthcoming), Houndmills: Palgrave Pivot.

     

    83. The Road Ahead: A policy Agenda for the Third Sector in Europe, Chapter 6. In: The Third Sector: A Renewable Resource for Europe. Concepts, Impacts, Challenges and Opportunities. (Bernard Enjolras, Lester M. Salamon, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Annette Zimmer, Benedikt Pahl, Wojciech Sokolowski, forthcoming), Houndmills: Palgrave Pivot.

     

    84. The Transformation of the Scandinavian Voluntary Sector (with Kristin Strømsnes), Chapter 1. In: Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations: The Case of Norway (Bernard Enjolras & Kristin Strømsnes, eds., 2018), New York: Springer.

     

    85. An Organizational Landscape in Transformation (with Karl Henrik Sivesind, Daniel Arnesen, Trygve Gullbrandsen, , and Åsta Dyrnes), Chapter 3. In: Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations: The Case of Norway (Bernard Enjolras & Kristin Strømsnes, eds., 2018), New York: Springer.

     

    86. The reconfiguration of the Norwegian Voluntary Sector (with Kristin Strømsnes), Chapter 5. In: Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations: The Case of Norway (Bernard Enjolras & Kristin Strømsnes, eds., 2018), New York: Springer.

     

    87. Anmeldelse av J. Gripsrud (red.) Allmenningen. Historie av norsk offentlighet (Universitetsforlaget, 2017) i Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning 59(4), 2018, 414-418.

     

    88. Nye former for samfunnsengasjement og kollektiv handling, Bernard Enjolras & Ivar Eimhjellen, Kapitel 1 i Fra kollektiv til konnektiv handling? Nye former for samfunnsengasjement og kollektiv handling. Bernard Enjolras & Ivar Eimhjellen (red.), 2018, Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.

     

    89. Forholdet mellom online- og offline-deltakelse i frivillige organisasjoner, Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Johnsen & Audun Beyer, Kapitel 4 i Fra kollektiv til konnektiv handling? Nye former for samfunnsengasjement og kollektiv handling. Bernard Enjolras & Ivar Eimhjellen (red.), 2018, Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.

     

    90. Theorizing Policy-Industry Processes. A Media Policy Field Approach. Kari Steen-Johnsen, Vilde Schanke Sundet & Bernard Enjolras, European Journal of Communication, 34-2, 2019, 190-204.https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323119830047.

     

    91. Anger, Fear, and Echo Chambers: The Emotional Basis for Online Behavior. Dag Wollebæk, Rune Karlsen, Kari Steen-Johnsen, & Bernard Enjolras,, Social Media and Society, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119829859.

     

    92. Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K., . Solheim, Ø, Herreros, F., Gadarian, S., Winsvold, M., Oksanen, A. Does trust prevent fear in the aftermath of terrorist attacks? Perspectives on Terrorism, 2019, 13:4, 39-55.

     

    93. Bernard Enjolras, Shana Kushner Gadarian, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Social media use and fear levels after the Paris 2015 attacks. A comparative study, in Gerard, Catherine, Kriesberg, Louis & Golan, Galia (eds.), Transforming Intractable Conflicts: New Approaches to Constructive Transformations. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

     

     

    94. Anna Makkonen , Atte Oksanen ⁠, ⁠ Shana Kushner Gadarian , Francisco Herreros , Marte Slagsvold Winsvold ⁠, Øyvind Bugge Solheim ⁠, Bernard Enjolras ⁠, Kari Steen-Johnsen, 2020, Fear-triggering effects of terrorism threats: Cross-country comparison in a terrorism news scenario experiment. Personality and Individual Differences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109992

     

     

    95. Bernard Enjolras, Jill M. Loga, Lars U. Kobro and Hans A. Hauge, 2021, Social Enterprises in Norway. Models and Institutional Trajectories. In Defourny, J. & Nyssens M. (eds.), Social entreprises in Western Europe. London: Routledge.

     

    96. Bernard Enjolras, Linda Lundgaard Andersen, Malin Gawell and Jill Loga, 2021, Between Coercive and Mimetic Institutional Isomorphism:

    Social Enterprise and the Universal Scandinavian Welfare State. In Defourny, J. & Nyssens M. (eds.), Social entreprises in Western Europe. London: Routledge.

     

     

    97. Bernard Enjolras & Håkon Trætteberg, 2021, Relations between local government and voluntary organizations: theoretical perspectives. In: Ibsen, B., (ed.) Voluntary and Public Sector Collaboration in Scandinavia - New Approaches to Co-Production. Palgrave MacMillan, 2021.

     

    98. Markus Kaakinen, Atte Oksanen, Shana Kushner Gadarian, Øyvind Bugge Solheim, Francisco Herreros Vázquez, Marte Slagsvold Winsvold, Bernard Enjolras, & Kari Steen-Johnsen, 2021, Online hate and Zeitgeist of fear: a five-country longitudinal analysis of hate exposure and fear of terrorism after the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015. Political Psychology,42(6), 1019-1035, doi: 10.1111/pops.12732.

     

     

    99. Kari Steen-Johnsen, Øyvind Bugge Solheim, Marte Winsvold & Bernard Enjolras, 2021, Tillit etter terror i Norge, Frankrike og Spania. Betydningen av narrativer og politisk kontekst Norsk Sosiologisk Tidsskrift, 5(3), 12-27.

     

    100. Bernard Enjolras, 2021, Explaining the varieties of volunteering in Europe: A capability approach. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00347-5

     

     

    101. Riccardo Guidi, Jacqueline Butcher, Bernard Enjolras, Jacob Mwathi Mati, John Wilson, Ying Xu, 2021, Varieties and Changes of Volunteering. Challenges for an International Standard on Voluntary Action. In: Riccardo Guidi, Ksenija Fonović and Tania Cappadozzi (Eds.), Accounting for the Varieties of Volunteering. New International Statistical Standards Tested in Italy. New York: Springer, 2021.

     

    102. Bernard Enjolras & Kjersti Torbjørnsrud, 2021, Health on social media: Mediatization of subjective experience? Health & New Media Research, 5:2, 220-250.

     

    103. Audun Fladmoe, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Bernard Enjolras, Hvem deltar i den nye offentligheten? Aktive nettdebattanter og deres holdninger. I: Marte Mangset, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen og Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud (red.), Ytringsfrihet i en ny offentlighet Grensene for debatt og rommet for kunnskap. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2022.

     

     

    104.Bernard Enjolras, 2022, Determinants of voluntary organizations’ attention on
    Facebook: The case of Norwegian voluntary organizations. Nonprofit andVoluntary Sector Quarterly.

    DOI: 101177/08997640221129551 

     

    105. Bernard Enjolras and Andrew Salway,2023, Ideological homophily and polarization in political Twitter during the 2017 Norwegian election. Forthcoming, SocialNetwork Analysis and Mining. (2023) 13:10.

     https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-01018-z 

     

    106. Bernard Enjolras, 2023, Does RelationalPolarization Entails Ideological Polarization? The Case of the 2017 Norwegian Election Campaign on Twitter. International Journal of Communication.  

    RESEARCH REPORTS

    1. « Les potentialités de création d’emploi dans le champ de l’aide à domicile aux personnes âgées et de l’accueil de la petite enfance » (The potentialities of job creation in domiciliary care for elderly peoples) UNIOPSS/Délégation à l'Emploi - French Ministry of Labor -1991

     

    2. « Les besoins de qualification des personnels d’aide à domicile » (The qualification needs of carers) UNIOPSS/Mission Nouvelle Qualification -French Ministry of Labor-1991

     

    3.« Évaluation de la mise en oeuvre des mesures emplois familiaux par les associations » (Assessment of the « family jobs » policy) UNIOPSS/Délégation à l’emploi- French Ministry of Labor- 1993

     

    4. « Les activités d’utilité sociales » (The social utility activities) Rapport au Conseil National des Politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’Exclusion (CNLE)- French Ministry of Social Affairs- Septembre 1995

     

    5. « Développer l’emploi dans les services de proximité » Rapport au Conseil National de l’Insertion par l’Activité Economique (CNIAE)- French Ministry of Labor- Octobre 1995

     

    6. « Les politiques sociales comme facteur productif - une revue » ( Social policies as a productive factor- a review ), Europeean Commission, DGV, 1996

     

    7. « Prendre en compte le genre en matière d’études comparatives de l’Etat providence : femmes et familles dans quelques pays Européens » (Gendering welfare state in comparative studies : women and family in selected European countries) in Liv Jorunn Stokke (ed.) Gender equality in Tunisia and Norway, Report from the seminar at Fafo 13-17 February 1998, FAFO 1998.

     

    8. "Fattigdom og sosial eksklusjon i et komparativt perspektiv" (Poverty and social exclusion in comparative perspective), with Ivar Lødemel and Jon Are Lian, FAFO, Institutue for Applied Social Sciences, Oslo, January 1999

     

    9. “Welfare State and disincentives effects ”, FAFO, Institutue for Applied Social Sciences, Oslo, Fafo-Rapport 314, 1999

     

    10. « The impact of labor market regulation on economic performance » , ”, FAFO, Institutue for Applied Social Sciences, Oslo, Fafo-Rapport 313, 1999

     

    11. « Frivillighet, kommersialisering og profesjonalisering, utfordring i norsk idrett » (Voluntarism, commertialisation and professionalisation, challagenges for Norwegian sport), With Ø. Seippel, ISF, Rapport 99 :9, 1999.

     

    12. « Democratic voluntary organizations between state and market, a theoretical perspective », ISF, Report 99 : 10, 1999.

     

    13. « Individualisation and civil society in late modernity », ISF, Report 7 : 2000.

     

    14. « Norske idrettslag 2000 : struktur, økonomi og frivillig innsats », (Norwegian sport voluntary organizations 2000 : structure, economy and voluntary work), with Ø, Seippel, ISF, Report 4 : 2001.

     

    15. « Community-based economy, market and democracy. The case of Norwegian voluntary sport organizations », ISF, Report 6 : 2001.

     

    16. « Statlig Idrettspolitikk i Norge og Frankrike » (State sport policy in Norway and France) ISF, Report 8, 2003.

     

    17. « Idrett mellom statlig styring og selvbestemmelse » (Sport between state steering and self-steering) ISF, Report 7, 2004.

     

    18. « Gemeinwohl und soziale Dienste in europäischen Union ». Institut für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik. Frankfut, 2004. http://www.socialplatform.org/module/FileLib/ConferenceReportdocumentationDEENFR.pdf

     

    19. « Individual action, institutions and social change » Cahier de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, 2004 :52. Université de Paris I- CNRS. http://mse.univ-paris1.fr/MSEFramCahierSR.htm.

     

    20. « Idrettens økonomi og effektivitet » (Economy and efficiency in sport organizations) ISF, Report 8, 2005.

     

    21. « Le nouveau discours normatif sur la société civile » Cahier de l’ARUC-ÉS, C-14-2005, Université du Québec à Montréal. http://www.aruc-es.ca.

     

    22. “Modernisation and the quest for good governance”, part III in ”Study on Social and Health Services of General Interest in the European Union” Manfred Huber, Mathias Maucher, Barbara Sak (Eds.). Prepared for DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities DG EMPL/E/4. VC/2006/0131.July 2007. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/spsi/docs/social_protection/2008/study_social_health_services_en.pdf

     

    23. « Nettverksssamfunn og frivillig organisering. En kunnskapsstatus. » (Network society and voluntary organizations. A survey.) Rapport Institutt for samfunnsforskning. 2008 :10.

     

    24. « L’ Économie sociale au service de l’inclusion au niveau local » avec M. Mendell, Rapport préparé pour le programme LEED (Développement économique et création d'emplois locaux) de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) en collaboration avec le Délégué interministériel à l’innovation, à l'expérimentation et à l'économie sociale (DIIESES).Paris : OECD. 2010.

     

    25. « Frivillige organisasjoner, sosial utjevning og inkludering » med Dag Wollebæk. (Voluntary organizations, social inequalities and inclusion, with Dag Wollebæk). Rapport Institutt for Samfunnsforskning. 2010-02.

     

    26. « Ungdommens politiske bruk av sosiale medier» med Signe Bock Segaard. (Youths’ political use of social media With Signe Bock Segaard); Rapport Institutt for samfunnsforskning. 2011 :06).

     

    27. «Hva gjør terroren med oss som sivilsamfunn?» (What does terror with civil sociey?) Dag Wollebæk, Bernard Enjolras, Guro Ødegård, Kari Steen-Johnsen Oslo: Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor (2011:02).

     

    28. «Evaluering av Riksidrottsforbundets forskningsinnsats». Steen-Johnsen, K. og Enjolras, B. (2011): Stockholm: Riksidrottsforbundet.

     

    29. « L'économie sociale au service de l'inclusion au niveau local : Rapport sur deux régions de France : Alsace et Provence – Alpes – Côte d'Azur ». Margie Mendell, Bernard Enjolras, Antonella Noya. OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers N 2010/14. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/oecd-local-economic-and-employment-development-leed-working-papers_20794797

     

    30. «Nettverkssamfunn og frivillige organisasjoner». (Newtwork society and voluntary organization).. Kari Steen-Johnsen, Bernard Enjolras, Anja Emilie Kruse. Oslo: Rapport Sentret for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor (2012-01).

     

    31. «Deltakelse i frivillige organisasjoner. Forutsetninger og effekter». (Participation in voluntary organizations. Conditions and effects.) Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Jonhsen, og Guro Ødegård (red.). Oslo: Rapport Sentret for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor (2012-04)

     

    32. «Ett år etter 22 juli. Har rosetoget gått?». (One year after July 22th.) Dag Wollebæk, Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Guro Ødegård. Oslo: Rapport Sentret for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor (2012-05)

     

    33. Valgkampen 2013 på Twitter. Sosiale medier som kritisk offentlighet (Election campaign on Twitter. Social media as critical public sphere.) Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Rune Karlsen. Oslo: Rapport Institutt for samfunnsforskning (2014:05).

     

    34. Staksrud, E., Steen-Johnsen, K., Enjolras, B., Gustafsson, M. H., Ihlebæk K. A, Midtbøen, A.,., Sætrang, S., Trygstad, S. C., Utheim, M. (2014). Status for ytringsfriheten i Norge. Resultater fra befolkningsundersøkelsen 2014 (The Freedom of speech status in Norway. Results from a population survey). Oslo: Fritt-Ord- Institutt for samfunnsforskning.

     

    35. Enjolras, B. Rasmussen, T., Steen-Johnsen, K., (red.), (2014) Status for Ytringsfrihet I Norge: Hovedrapport fra prosjekt (The Freedom of speech status in Norway, main project report). Oslo: Fritt-Ord- Institutt for samfunnsforskning.

     

    36. Enjolras, B., 2015, «Measuring the impact of the third sector: from concepts to metrics». Third Sector Impact Working Paper No 05/2015 (http://thirdsectorimpact.eu/documentation-category/working-papers/).

     

    37. Enjolras, B., 2015, “The Impact of volunteering on volunteers in 23 European countries”. Third Sector Impact Working Paper No 04/2015 (http://thirdsectorimpact.eu/documentation-category/working-papers/).

     

    38. Enjolras, B., 2016, “Assessing the macro socio-economic impact of the third sector. Theoretical considerations and some empirical evidences. Third Sector Impact Working Paper No 10/2016.

     

    39. Nordmenns bidrag i flyktningsituasjonen 2015/2016, Audun Fladmoe, Synne Sætrang, Ivar Eimhjellen, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Bernard Enjolras, Oslo: Rapport 2016-6, Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor.

     

    40. Bernard Enjolras, 2017, Symbolske grensedragninger i det offentlige rom. I Arnfinn H. Midtbøen (red.) Offentlighetens grenser Hovedfunn fra prosjektet Status for ytringsfriheten i Norge 2015–2017. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning, Rapport 2017-07.

     

    41. Nadim, M., Fladmoe, A., Enjolras, B., 2018, Måling av omfang av hatefulle ytringer. Metodiske muligheter og utfordringer. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning, Rapport 2018-01.

     

    42. Jan-Paul Brekke, Audun Beyer og Bernard Enjolras, 2019, Antisemittisme på nett og i sosiale medier i Norge. Kjennetegn, avsendere og motvirkning. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning, Rapport 2019-5.

     

    43. Håkon Solbu Trætteberg, Ivar Eimhjellen, Rune Ervik, Bernard Enjolras, Jon Kåre Skiple, 2020, Kommunal frivillighetspolitikk og lokale organisasjoner. Oslo: Rapport Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor, 2020-3.

     

    44. Daniel Arnessen, Karl Henrik Sivesind, Bernard Enjolras, 2020, Kompensasjonsordningene for idrett og frivillighet i forbindelse med COVID-19.

    Oslo: Notat Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor, November, 2020.

     

    45. Karl Henrik Sivesind og Bernard Enjolras, (red.) , 2021, Frivillige organisasjoners sivilsamfunnsrolle: påvirkningsstrategier og tilgang til politiske beslutningsfora. Rapport Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor, 2022-3.

     

    46. Audun Fladmoe og Bernard Enjolras, 2022, Frivillighetens mobilisering i møte med økte ankomst av flykninger i 2015 og 2022. Notat Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor, 2022.  

     

    47.Karl Henrik Sivesind, Daniel Arnesen, Vibeke Wøien Hansen, Audun Fladmoeog Bernard Enjolras, 2002, Helsefrivillighetens samfunnsbidrag under koronapandemien. Rapport Institutt for samfunnsforskning, 2022-09 

     

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